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ail)c ISseful iltan. 



77/ 



SEEMON 



DELIVERED AT THE FUNERAL OF 



HON. CHARLES PAINE, 



AT XORTIIFIELD, VT., SEPT. 1, 1853. 



BY EZRA S. GANNETT; 

if ■ 

MIXISTEU OF THE FEDERAL STREET SOCIETY IN BOSTON, MASS. 



' • (, NORTHFIELD: 

PRINTED BY WOODWORTH & GOULD 



1853. 

(ill 1 I I I I I III 



IN WACO, TEXAS, JULY 6th, 1853, 

HON, CHARLES PAINE, 



SERMON. 



Phillppians II : 4 — Look not every man on his own things, but every man 
also on the things of others. 

Gocl has put us here to be useful. That is the mean- 
ing of the text, and that is the truth which this occa- 
sion seems to me suited to impress on om' minds by 
ihe example of a life which, alike in its early and its 
mature manhood, was largely productive of good to 
others. God has put us here to be useful, — each one 
in his own sphere and in his own way ; that is, accord- 
mg to the abilities with which he is endowed and the 
circmnstances in which he is placed. 

We may state the purpose of human life in different 
terms, as we contemplate it under one or another 
class of relations, but the superficial contradiction will 
cover a real harmony. Man should live for God. It 
should be his aim and law, to glorify his Maker, — to 
obey the supreme Will, and to fit hunself for an 
enjo}inent of the Divine favour hereafter. Again, 
he should covet personal excellence, and labour assid- 
uously to inifold the spiritual ele;inents of liis nature 
in preparation for a higher state of being. In either 
case walking by faith, and looking "at the things 
w^hich are unseen and eternal." And yet it is plain 



fi. 



that we should live for others, not holy remembermg 
that m point of fact " no one" either " liveth" or 
'• dieth to himself," Init making it our high endeavor 
and constant principle '' to do good." There is no 
contrariety, we say, in these statements ; no more 
than when we describe the purpose of an invention 
differently as we examine it from this or that point 
of view ; pronouncing it to be the design of a ship, for 
example, to cleave the waters, or to transport the 
commerce of the world, or to weave together the 
interests of nations. In the beautiful harmonies which 
the Creator has established, more perfect than any 
which man can produce, the threefold purpose of our 
existence, considered in respect successively to God, 
to ourselves, and to our fello^vmen, is ])ut the expres- 
sion of a spiritual unity ; while the double relation 
which our life sustams to this world and to the world 
bej^ond the grave causes faithfulness in our present 
circumstances to be the best preparation we can make 
for future happmess. When therefore we commend 
usefulness as the proper exercise of a mans faculties 
and the fulfillment of his Maker's design in placing 
him here, by a necessary implication we pronounce it 
to be his duty to consecrate his powers to the glory 
of God, and also to give all diligence to make his own 
'• calling and election sure," seeking an inheritance of 
endless glory for himself by a laborious devotion to the 
well-beinsc of others. 



Usefulness is diverse in its form. It has many 
manifestations, but one spirit ; many methods, but one 
end. To benefit others, — this is its object ; to make 
them wiser, better, happier, more free, more noble, 



9 



more receptive of the good which may be educed 
from their condition ; or to change that condition, so 
that it shall mcliide more blessings, offer more oppor- 
tunities, and yield more svibstantial benefit. It sup- 
poses therefore an interest in others, — an acknowl- 
edgment of their claim on the regards of the individ- 
ual and his cheerful response to thsCt claim. It does not 
involve an act of self-oblivion nor require an abnega- 
tion of personal interests. Two mistakes have always 
found advocates in opposite extremes of specula- 
tion, while the truth lay midway between them. On 
the one hand, it has been maintained that a renuncia- 
tion, or at least a practical neglect, of our own good 
is our duty ; disinterestedness, according to this school 
of moralists, being inconsistent with a pursuit of one's 
own benefit, either immediate or prospective. Now, 
since the illustrative example as well as the authori- 
tative teaching on this subject must be dra^vn from the 
New Testament, the instruction we there get is suffi- 
cient for- an exposure of this error. The language of 
the New Testament, instead of favoring such a notion, 
is directl}^ at variance with it. The command to 
which Christ assigned the second place in the code of 
human duty contains an express denial of the idea, 
that in consulting the good of others we may not 
think of ourselves. What says the golden rule ? 
"^ Thou shalt love thy neighbor as ihjselfr In Watts's 
happy versification, — 

" Let thy kindness to thyself 
Measure and rule tliy love to him." 

What say the apostles of the Lord ? Our text 
furnishes the reply. " Look not every man on his 



10 



own things, but every man also on the things of 
otliers ;" that is, let not his attention be given exclu- 
sively to his own advantage, but let him at the same 
time study the advantage of others. AVhat is the 
character of the example left by him who was " with- 
out sin ?" The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews 
supplies the answer, in his declaration that " the 
Author and Finisher of our faith" " for the joy that 
was set before him endured the cross." The theory 
of a disinterestedness that shuts out the influence of 
any personal motive finds no support in the Christian 
Scriptures, abounding as they do in passages which 
hold out the incentive of reward and describe the 
penalty of disobedience. Nor are we required to 
construe such passages in an exclusively spiritual 
sense, or with a limitation of their meaning to a future 
state of existence. He whose days are devoted to 
usefulness need not be unmindful of his own present 
interests. That is an unchristian as Avell as an irra- 
tional doctrine, which requires us to neglect our 
worldly affairs, or to despise the good opinion of our 
fellowmen, lest we should bring our generosity under 
suspicion. Circumstances may arise which shall render 
it our duty to sacrifice everything, even life, for 
others ; but in the ordinary course of events benevo- 
lence neither dooms a man to poverty nor precludes 
him from seeking honorable positions in societ}^ Sad 
indeed, if the possession of either wealth or office 
must be regarded as incompatible with disinterested- 
ness ! More sad for the community than for the 
individual, for then places of public trust and the 
resources of an ample fortune, means of so much good 
as well as harm, would be in the hands of the selfish. 



11 

of those least disposed and least likely to make a good 
use of them. 

But, on the other hand, we disbelieve and loathe 
that worse than Heathen theory, which traces every 
generous deed to a secret self-love, and denies the 
possibility of disinterested service ; a theory which 
degrades man's reason into a machine for the calcula- 
tion of loss and gain, and makes his life nothing but 
the result of that calculation. No ; man is capable 
of espousing aims and arranging plans irrespectively 
of his own advantage. He can make it his habitual 
and predominant purpose to benefit others. 

His habitual and predominant purpose, I say. 
There is an impulsive generosity which lacks that 
element of steadfastness without which no one can be 
really useful. Spasmodic acts of beneficence often 
gain more praise than a uniform discharge of social 
obligations, but they deserve less. Usefulness is, from 
its very nature, a habit. 

And, farther, the temper of which we speak must 
be joined mth an integrity that shall scorn unworthy 
uses of time or circumstance. We may not allow the 
title of a benefactor of his fellowmen to one who 
gives them an example of equivocal conduct ; for his 
example taints the public morals, and no oflftces of 
kindness or gifts in money can compensate for such 
an injury. High-principled honor should be the com- 
panion of generous endeavor. "Without fear and 
"without reproach," may be borrowed from the mottos 
of chivalry to describe the character of him who 



12 



" looks on the things of others," not with an envious 
eye, but with an eager desire to promote their com- 
fort and improvement. 

In union with the quahties we have noticed must 
we discover the presence of a faith which Hfts the soul 
to higher contemplations than those of eartli or time ; 
faith in God as the Author and Judge of all, the 
Source of blessing and the Witness of every secret 
purpose. What other support, indeed, can be found 
for an integrity which no adverse change of circum- 
stances and no specious temptation shall be able to 
move from its alleoiance to the riarht ? Or what other 
reasonable ground of confidence in efforts for the 
good of men ? Religious fliitli must underlay all such 
efforts, to give them consistency and prevent their 
yielding to the shock of disaster or the attrition of 
discouragement. ShoAV me a man who is upright, 
generous, noble, free from disguise, acting abvays upon 
high convictions and for good ends, I need not hesitate 
to pronounce liim one on whom the realities of the 
spiritual universe in which he is embosomed have 
impressed themselves, and in whose mind the great 
idea of God is fixed as the pivot of his existence. 

Through the combination of these elements, of 
disinterestedness, integrity and religious faith, the 
spirit of usefulness obtains that compact and energetic 
force which enables it to accomplish what it under- 
takes. Its resolution and its perseverance often sur- 
prise those who do not understand of what divine 
ingredients it is composed. In its manifestations it 
is various ; because the wants of men are various and 



10 
O 

the ways in which they may be benefitted are num- 
berless. He who attempts to restrict its action to any 
one or more methods Ijetrays an entire ignorance of 
its nature. As well might he issue a decree that the 
streams of our earth shall run on the same angle of 
descent and in chvannels of the same breadth. There 
are many ways of doing good, because the capacities, 
as well as the necessities, of man are many. The 
highest benefit which can be conferred on any one, 
in its immediate result, is his redemption from the ' 
bondage of sin through the application of spiritual 
truth ; and hence the missionary who carries the 
gospel where it is unknown, or the Christian friend 
who by his effectual remonstrance " saves a soul from 
death," establishes a claim to the warmest admiration 
and the heartiest thanks. But he who opens a school 
for the uninstructed mind, or who founds a hospital 
for the sick body, is also a benefactor on a large scale. 
And no title^ of grateful honor should be withheld 
from those — philanthropists I will style them, for I 
know not who ])etter deserve the name — whose lives 
are jeoparded in attendance upon the victhns of a 
plague like that which has desolated tlie great com- 
mercial city of the Southwest. Usefulness, I repeat, 
has no single form of expression. She who travels 
from Maine to Louisiana, and by her marvellous pow- 
ers of persuasion makes private wealth and public 
law tributary to her purpose of providing asylums 
for the insane, is ji benefactor of her race ; luit so is 
she also, who by her personal eftbrts and her judicious 
advice has changed the character of emigration from 
Great Britain to Australia. Whoever renders human 
life more desirable is a benefactor of his kind. It has 



14 



been said, that he who causes two blades of grass to 
grow where but one grew before is worthy to bear 
this name ; in other words, whoever increases, per- 
manently, the means of sustenance, comfort, or con- 
venience for his fellowmen ; whoever lightens their 
toil, lessens their anxiety, relieves their fear, or 
encourages their virtuous enterprise ; much more, he 
who quickens their sympathies, enlarges their sphere 
of aftection and hope, opens to them new sources of 
knowledge, or brings the natural and social advantages 
which the Author of our beins; intended for the use 
of man within the reach of those to whom they have 
been denied. The purpose being a right one, that is, 
unselfish and untamted by the infusion of narrow 
feeling, any undertaking which promises an increase 
in the amount of human liappiness, which makes it 
easier to accomplish the work of life, which multiplies 
the pleasant relations of men with one another, facil- 
itating their intercourse, subverting their prejudices, 
and begetting, with honorable competition, reciprocal 
confidence, which makes nature and society subser- 
vient to the welfare of the individual, — any such 
imdertakino; is a leo-itimate form of usefulness, and 
justifies us in holding up the example of him with 
whom it originates or by whom it is cherished for 
imitation. 



The direction which beneficence takes in our own 
day, shows that in one respect at Jeast modern civ- 
ilization confesses the influence of Christianity. In 
ancient times there was no such thing as philanthropy. 
Man as an individual was not an object of interest. 
Patriotism did not recognize the value of the people. 



mm» 



15 

Some there were, willini^ to sacrifice themselves for 
the glory of the national name or for the benefit of a 
class ; but a thoughtful concern for the people at 
large, inducing efforts for the improvement of their 
condition, was unknown. One of the peculiarities of 
the Gospel was its recognition of the Avorth of the in- 
dividual. Overlooking all conventional distinctions, 
it treated the humblest man with just as much com- 
jiassion as the highest, and the highest with just as 
much severity as the lowest, attaching importance on- 
ly to moral difierences. Where Christianity succeeds 
in communicating its own judgment and temper, the 
great object with those vfho " look on the things of 
others" will be, to place every one in the largest pos- 
sible enjoyment of the blessings of a bountiful Provi- 
dence and the privileges of a special revelation. Biat 
the history of the Christian ages from the beginning 
shows how imperfect has been the control which our 
divine religion has obtained over minds which ac- 
knowledged its authority. In our time, and in our 
land, is first seen a due appreciation of the individual. 
The people are thought of Their condition becomes 
a subject of attention. And the enterprises on which 
we lavish praise are those which benefit not a few, 
but the many. He who cheapens a production ©f 
nature or art for the multitude does a greater service 
to the world, than he w^ho introduces a new luxury 
for the rich or a new pleasure for the powerful ; and 
he who facilitates the acquisition of knowledge or 
innocent enjoyment, much more, of religious truth, 
hj the people is the real philanthropist. Thank God, 
this is becoming the decision of the nineteenth cent- 
ury, — strange that Christendom has been so slow in 



•• 



16 



reaching this point ; and mth the better conception 
of what they should make their aim, those who have 
desired to do good have fostered movements suited to 
lessen the evils or to augment the advantages of every 
class in the community. " Looking on the things of 
others" through a wide ran2:e of observation, and 
anxious to relieve some general want of society, they 
have directed their individual lives into that current 
of usefulness, ever deepening and widening as just 
thoughts take possession of men's minds, by which 
the world is borne on to its ultimate destiny ; even the 
humljle effort, that confines itself to the most private 
offices, being thus made to confer a benefit that 
reaches through the circles beyond circles of con- 
sanguinity, neighborhood, commonwealth, country, 
and humanity. 



Mark now the useful man. He is one, who, with- 
out conceiving it to be his duty to disregard his own 
interests, is constantly engaged in advancing the in- 
terests of others ; w^hose generosity is large, but judi- 
cious ; whose happiness lies in devising and executing 
schemes for the benefit of his fellowmen ; whose 
heart is well taught in the school of Christ; who loves 
the people, but is no demagogue ; who delights in 
serving his neighbors or his countrymen, as he may 
have opportunity, and who makes the opportunity 
where it does not offer itself; who is most esteemed 
where he is best known ; and whose influence grows 
with his 3?-ears, till he is felt to ])e a part of the stabil- 
ity of the social state. Or, should prejudice misrep- 
resent him, and a too greedy ear accept the tale which 
would tarnish his name, he holds on his course in the 



17 

consciousness of a noble purpose prosecuted by up- 
right means, and time^ the great vindicator, clears off 
the aspersion. 

Such a man is a blessino- to the community to which 
he belongs, and to the age in Avhich he lives. Why are 
such men ever cut oft' in the midst of their useful- 
ness ? The question is often on our lips. Let it 
receive an answer. The world is poorer and weaker 
ibr the removal of every such man. Why does God 
permit us to be so impoverished? Such men are 
needed. Why are they taken away ? 

I would avoid the presumption of attempting to 
explain the whole providence of the Most High ; but 
a sufficient reply to these questions is at our com- 
mand. In his infinite kindness God " has appointed 
unto man once to die," that he may rise to a higher 
state of being. It would be a strange illustration of 
his justice, to deprive those who have made the best 
use of the present life of this privilege of death. But 
if they die, it must be either at the height of their 
usefulness or in that decline of vigor which ends in 
the decrepitude of age. Would we doom them to 
this latter necessity, as a reward of the interest they 
have taken us ; requiting their generous toils by our 
selfish demands ? But farther let it be considered, 
that they are creatures of infirmity like ourselves, ex- 
posed to disease, and m their ignorance liable to incur 
fatal danger. Do we ask of God, that, in addition to 
their moral graces, he will give them immunity from 
peril, or a foresight superior to that of prophets and 
apostles ? We should not dare, I think, to do this. 



n 



in our fondest or most anxious moments. Admit- 
ting then, that they must be subject to the same 
law of mortaUty and the same hazard of Hfe with 
their fellowmen, we can perceive how their de- 
parture at the very time when they are in the 
exercise of tlie most beneficial inliuence may give to 
their example a force which it could not have during 
their lives, causing it to make an impression deep in 
proportion to the loss that is felt. A good man is 
never more valued than when he is missed, and his 
character never so fruitful in wholesome suo-o-estions 
and holy impulses as Avhen it disappears from actual 
observation. Let it also be borne in mind, that the 
removal of those on whom we have leaned compels 
us to put our trust in God. It is good for man to be 
reminded of his dependence on an unseen Power, 
that cares for him. The presence of earthly bene- 
factors may render a community insensible to their 
need of a Heavenly Protector. The disappearance, 
moreover, of those Avhose connection with the progress 
of society, we were almost tempted to think, gave 
them a security against death, brings the fact of our 
own mortality out of the Crowd of other thoughts in 
which it is lost from view, and fastens our contempla- 
tion on a theme full of salutary counsel. The effect 
should also be considered of the change, through which 
they have passed, on those whose usefulness here 
is closed by the summons to another world. That 
world may need them too ; at least, it will offer them 
opportunities of continued service for the good of oth- 
er's. Larger spheres of influence will be opened to 
them ; and nobler purposes, inspired by the scenes 
around them, may be executed with a fuller measure 



of satisfaction. Oh ! never complain, nor wonder, that 
they who were doing the most good here have been 
called to bear their part in the philanthropy of heav- 
en. The principle is too obviously just to be disput- 
ed, and too common among men to be denied, that he 
Avho has been faithful in a lower situation shall be 
raised to a higher. A useful life contains within itself 
the promise of a not distant immortality. 

AVhile, therefore, we rejoice in the lives of those 
Avho write their names on the ijcrateful hearts of their 
fellowmen, Ave acknowledge the justice of that Provi- 
dence which interrupts their labours and deprives us 
of their services. 

Still we cannot but feel the keenness of our own 
disappointment. There would be no room for sub- 
mission, if there were no pain at our loss. The more 
poignant our distress, the more decisive may be the 
proof of our feitli in God. When the}^ whom we love 
and whom the community has learned to value die, 
we mourn, though we may not repine. We wander 
through the places ''which have known them, but 
shall know them no more," with a sense of bereave- 
ment which every association of the scene with their 
generous activity renders more oppressive. 

With such feelings do we look on the scenes which 
here surround us. As I have sat down amidst the as- 
sociations which this place recals, it has seemod to me 
that the cry of sorrow was the only sound which be- 
fitted the hour. I have been moved to throw aside 
what I had prepared, and speak of nothing but the 



1 



20 



greatness of our loss. But we may not, in the in- 
dulgence of ovu' grief, refuse the instruction or the 
comfort which God offers us. The termination of a 
useful life should engrave the truths it illustrates up- 
on hearts which suffering- makes tender. This Yillaa:e 
abounds with memorials of our friend. They invite 
us to speak of his character. 



The early life of Charles Paine was passed under 
circumstances suited to prepare him for the part he 
afterwards filled. Born almost on the commencement 
of a century remarkable for its control of mechanical 
agencies and the development of popular institutions, 
he entered on the period of his vigour at a time most 
favorable for the exercise of his peculiar abilities. 
His father, the late Judge Paine, Avas one of the most 
honorable citizens of the State, and merited the re- 
spect which was awarded him. The hifluences of his 
home doubtless laid the foundation of that character 
which in subsequent life raised the son to a not less 
conspicuous position. Amidst the green hills of his 
Ijirth-place he breathed the air of a manly freedom 
and a A'irtuous energy. Nature spoke to him in her 
clear and sweet tones, and he listened with the delight 
of uncorrupted youth. Surrounded hy a yeomanry 
that have ever maintained a frank independence in 
union with honest industry, — intelligent, brave, and 
hospitable, free from the vices of suburban communi- 
ties, and strong in their local attachments, — he acquir- 
ed the traits Avhich ripened into a wise and noble man- 
hood. The love of his native State, the inborn pas- 
sion of every son of Vermont, lost none of its ferA'our 
as his judgment grew more mature. He loved her 



21 

moimtains and her streams, her history and her peo- 
ple. At the cage of seventeen he became a member 
of Harvard College. It was there that my acquain- 
tance with him began, and there that the bonds of 
friendship, which four years of a common experience 
and thirty 3'ears of various fortunes served but to 
strengthen, were knit between him and his fellow-stu- 
dents ; amono; whom was not one who reo-arded him 
with any other feelings than those of respect and es- 
teem. Thirty-five years after they first met in the 
halls of Cambridi2:e, nearlv one half of the survivino; 
members of his class were assembled, by his invita- 
tion, around the board which was here spread with an 
ample hospitalit}'. I recall that scene with special in- 
terest, for it shows me the host and friend happy in 
the sym^)athies of an occasion which he made delight- 
ful to others. I see his erect form, his open face, his I 
princel}^ demeanour. I hear his words of cordial greet- 
ing, and feel no painful obligation, since I am sure 
that his enjoyment of the re-union for which we are 
indebted to him is not less than ours. Thanks to him, 
whose hand we shall never grasp again, for the inef- 
faceable recollections of that day ! 

Durin'j; his coUeo-iate course Mr. Paine maintained 
an unblemished character. He sought not literary 
eminence, and acquired no distinction either by brill- 
iancy of parts or depth of scholarship. But he avoid- 
ed, as with an intuitive sense of propriety, the follies 
as well as the vices into which they who are not guar- 
ded b}' studious habits so often fall, and graduated 
without a reproach on his name. Returning to his 
home, he assumed at once the discharo-e of those 



22 



duties to which filial love and respect prompted 
him, and if 3'outhfiil am])ition ever stirred his heart, 
it did not disturb the diligent j^rosecution of a busi- 
ness which soon exhibited the results of his enerscetic 
management. I well remember his narration of the 
circumstances under which he took on himself the re- 
sponsibilities of a more independent life. They show- 
ed the quality of the men, — the father's sense of jus- 
tice, the son's consciousness of ability. He became a 
manufacturer, I apprehend, from the accident of po- 
sition rather than from deliberate preference. How 
he conducted his aftairs, — Iioay honorable he was in 
his dealings, how attentive to the cares that devolved 
on him, how quick to perceive and ready to allow the 
claims of others, how free from pride and pretension, 
how ardent in his desire to l)efriend every one who 
came within the reach of his encouragement or his 
help, you who hear me need not that I should tell. As 
his character became more extensively known, the 
public confidence was drawn to him. He aspired to 
no civil honor, and yet the highest office in the State 
was thrust upon him at an unusually early age. It 
was the reward of consistent political action and well 
established private worth. Sincerely attached to one 
of the parties, in whose mutual jealousy and recipi'o- 
cal influence is found the safety of our institutions, he 
advocated the principles and supported the measures 
which he believed to be most conducive to the public 
interest; but never ^substituted passion for firmness, 
falsehood for argument, or intrigue for honorable con- 
duct. Upon his administration of the office that came 
to him unsought he wished the people to pass their 



juclgment, which was affirmed in his re-election ; after 
which he retired from pubUc life. 

Such at least w'ould be the record of the political 
historian. And yet it was then that Gov. Paine's re- 
lation to the country became most important and his in- 
fluence most extensive. From the hour at which he left 
the chief magistracy of the State almost to the close 
of his life he devoted himself, with a zeal and a per- 
sistency that I may say have never been surpassed, to 
one of those great public enterprises of which future 
generations wdll reap the benefit in results of Avhich 
we can form but an imperfect conception. For eight 
years his name and his history were identified with 
the progress of that enterprise ; and I believe I am 
sustained by the judgment of those best qualified to 
speak on this subject, in saying that its completion is 
due to his indefatigable energy. Sanguine but not 
rash, firm without obstinacy, fertile in wise expedi- 
ents, creative of resources through the confidence he 
inspired, laborious, sparing neither mind nor body, 
ready to accumulate on himself cares, however weigh- 
ty, w^hich he understood, but refusing responsibilities 
for which he did not think he had the proper qualifi- 
cation, he did what few men could have done and 
wdiat few men would have dared to undertake. He 
encountered unexpected difficulties, but they did not 
discourage him. He met with long delays, but they 
did not weary his hope. He endured the trial of im- 
patient and censorious tongues, but they did not ruf- 
fle his temper nor shake his conviction. He persever- 
ed, and he succeeded. The work to wdiich he had 
pledged his name and his heart was completed. Its 



24 



practicability was proved by the fact, and its vitility 
he was wilhng to leave for time to establish. New 
embarrassments arose, before which many of its early 
friends yielded to despondency, but not he. Still res- 
olute in mind, unwearied in toil, he struggled against 
disaster, and out of the midst of perplexity achieved 
success. I do not claim for him a judgment inca- 
pable of error, but I do impute to him a heart void of 
wrong purpose and a life on which no stain of dishon- 
or ever rested. I do not know that his anticipations in 
regard to the value of the enterprise which he es- 
poused, and with which, as he himself said, he would 
allow no domestic cares to divide his thoughts, will 
ever be realized; but I do afiirm that this work will bear 
witness to the force of his character and the disinter- 
estedness of his perseverance so long as it shall en- 
dure. It was not for personal ends that he labored. 
He saw that a great benefit might be secured for the 
State which he loved, and the country of which that 
State was a component part. He believed that inter- 
course between communities and nations is a means 
of ameliorating character, as well as of increasing ma- 
terial prosperity. The magnitude of his hopes proved 
the generosity of his heart not less than the grasp of 
his mind. The iron pathway which he carried across 
the breadth of this fair Commonwealth ^\ as in his 
A iew one of the avenues, which a progressive civiliza- 
tion and a diffusive humanity would iise for the ac- 
complishment of the beneficent design of Providence 
in bestowing upon men common wants and a mutual 
dependence. Such was his grand and prophetic idea. 
And now that it stands in substantial realization be- 
fore the eye and judgment of the world, while he is 



25 

no longer here, let it be his monument. He needs no 
other, and no other could so well declare the traits 
which distinguished him. 

Gov. Paine's last undertaking was conceived in the 
same spirit that had been shown in the history to 
which we have alluded. The trains of thought with 
which he had become familiar had prepared him to 
appreciate the importance of an enterprise of still lar- 
ger promise than that in which he had been engag- 
ed ; and he no sooner found himself released, w^ith- 
out any evasion of responsibleness, from the charge 
which had borne so heavily upon him, than he turn- 
ed his attention to the means of communication be- 
tween the great central valley and the Pacific shore 
of our liepul^lic. With the same confidence and en- 
ergy that he had displayed on the scene of his past la- 
)>ors, he adopted the preliminary measures for bring- 
ing his persuasions to a practical issue, and while oth- 
ers talked or wrote in their pleasant homes, he accep- 
ted the fatigues and perils of travel through an al- 
most unknown region. On this journey the constitu- 
tion which had begun to feel the pressure of exces- 
sive care and labor, gave way under exposure to se- 
vere trial. He sickened and died far from his home. 
Yet, it is grateful to know, not without ftiithful watch- 
ing and the best medical attendance. He died at the 
meridian hour of life ; but not without a long cata- 
logue of useful services reg-istered on the memories of 
his fellowmen. He died at the moment Avhen he may 
have felt the strongest wish to live; ])ut lie believed 
ill that God wdio doeth all things well, and in that 
Gospel which contains the revelation of immortalit}'. 



26 



He died when Ave may have most desired to keep 
him with us, that we might reward him for the past 
by new expressions of confidence in his integrity and 
reliance on his wisdom ; but we have learned nothing, 
if we have not yet been tanglit the lesson of submis- 
sion to that Will wdiich uses bereavement often as 



the channel of its richest blessings. 



The character of our friend needs no other deline- 
ation than it receives as we sketch his career. Ener- 
gy, integrity and disinterestedness were its prominent 
features. Before this audience, composed of his per- 
sonal friends and of those with whom he lived in the 
familiarity of neighborhood, it would be scarcely de- 
cent for me to adduce illustrations of the qualities of 
mind and lieart of which they were daily witnessing 
the exhiljition. This village, in every stroke of its 
industry and every mark of its prosperity, bears evi- 
dence of his fostering care. This community, by 
their unrestrained grief at the intelligence of his 
death and by the terms in which they have express- 
ed their sense of bereavement, have declared in what 
estimation he was held. This assembly, collected from 
distant places to pay the sad tribute of funereal hon- 
or to his name, betokens the impression he made on 
those with whom he practised no concealment and in 
whose justice he confided. 

Gov. Paine was not a man of professions. His 
words were not many, and they were never uttered 
to secure admiration or to forestall an impartial judg- 
ment. It is not strange therefore that he said little 
on the subject of religion. But such actions as speak 



27 

more loudly ilian words attest both the reality and 
the character of his faith. This edifice is a memori- 
al of the value he set on the institution of public wor- 
ship and an unsectarian administration of religious 
truth. On this point he was strenuous and consistent. 
The most emphatic disapproval of dogmatic exclu- 
siveness which he could have left, as Avell as the most 
decisive testimony to his faith in the great Christian 
truths, is given in the paper ])y which he makes a fi- 
nal disposition of his property. 

This remarkable document contains also unim- 
peachable proof of that disinterested concern for the 
good of others and that desire to see all classes of 
the people enjoying the means of knowledge, virtue 
and happiness, which, I think, gave to his character 
its largest claim on our fond remembrance. As a testa- 
mentary provision, I should not be surprised to learn 
that it is without a parallel. Brief but distinct in 
its language, it is as peculiar for the modesty as for 
the liberality which it evinces. Leaving all details to 
the friends in whom he reposes the utmost confidence, 
and avoiding any suggestion that might have the ef- 
fect of connecting his name with the uses to which 
his bequest may be put, he only requires of those 
whom he appoints as Trustees, that, after assisting 
such persons at they may think have any claim aris- 
ing from consanguinity, friendship, or obligation in- 
curred by him, they " use and appropriate whatever 
property he may die possessed of for the best good 
and welfare of his fello^vmen, — to assist in the im- 
provement of mankind ; recommending that they do 
it without sectarianism or bigotry, according to the 



28 



intention of that God whose will is found in the law 
of the Christian religion, in which," he adds, " I be- 
lieve and trust." What could be more characteristic, 
or more admirable ? 

The manuscript from which I have quoted bears a 
date somewhat distant from the present time. But, 
if evidence were needed that he retained the same 
feelings to the close of his life, it is furnished, to say 
nothing of other facts, by an incident which I am 
permitted to relate. A short time before his depart- 
ure for Texas, Mr. Paine was reminded by a friend 
that he liad never made an explicit declaration of 
his religious belief, and was requested to say what 
doctrinal tenets he had adopted. After a moment's 
hesitation, he took from his pocket a slip of paper 
bearing the stains of age and use^ which he gave to 
his friend and said, " There is my creed." It contain- 
ed the well known lines of Leigh Hunt ; which, fa- 
miliar as they may be, no one prol)ably will complain 
of my repeating in this connection. 



Al)ou Ben Adlieiii (may his tribe increase !) 

Awoke one night from a deep (h-eam of peace, 

And saw within tlie moonlii;ht in his room, 

INIakinji' it rieli and like a lily in bloom, 

An aniiel writing in al^ook of gold. 

Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold : 

And to tlie presence in the room he said, 

" AVhat writest thou'?" The vision raised its head, 

And, with a look made all of sweet accord. 

Answered " Tlie names of those who love the Lord." 

" And is mine one V" said Abou. '* Nay, not so," 

Beplied the angel. Al)on spoke more low, 

Bnt cheerly still ; and said, " I pray thee, then, 

A\'rite me as one that loves his fellowmen." 

The angel wrote, and vanished. The next night 

It came again, with a great wakening light, 

And showed the names whom love of (!od had blest, 

And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. 



»» 



29 

Grievous is the loss which falls on a community, in 
the death of one who aims to make his life an illus- 
tration of the sentiment conveyed in^ these lines. 
Such men there are ; though alas ! but few ; men who 
})elieve that they shall best please God by showing 
their love of their fellowmen. It might not be safe 
for all to take this as an abstract of Christian doctrine ; 
but, under the interpretation of sound and humble 
thought, we have the authority of an Apostlp for main- 
taining that it cannot greatly mislead any one, for 
8t. John affirms that, ''• if we love one another, God 
dwelleth in us ;" and, under the most perverse miscon- 
struction, it will he better than many a nicely adjusted 
formulary of belief 

Deep and wide-spread must be the sorrow, when 
one Avho has '' looked not on his own things, but also 
on the things of others ' is taken from the sphere of 
his visible usefulness. Great will be the lamentation, 
as on this day ; but let it not Ijorrow the tone of com- 
plaint or despair. We are tempted to think that God 
is unmindful of our necessities, when those on whom 
we have depended are borne out of our si<2;ht. It is 
an unjust and sinful thought. The eye of faith dis- 
cerns the Divine goodness in the summer's heat which 
drinks up the rivulets and in the winter's cold which 
Innds them with icy fetters, as well as in the vernal or 
autumnal rains which cause them to rush down the 
mountain's side or flow joyfully through the jjlain. 
God never forgets us. Let the sorrowful wait on him 
in patient suffering, and he will hold up their hearts 
and guide their steps. 



30 



Heavy is the loss which society is called to bear, 
when the useful are taken away ; but in part will 
there be a compensation, if others are moved to copy 
their example. Nothing is more needed in this coun- 
tiy than disinterested devotion to the people's good. 
Active and forcible lives are the product of such in- 
stitutions and such opportunities as ours ; but what 
are activity and force if controlled by selfishness. 
Patriotism and philanthropy have become equivocal 
names. We want men of high principle and gener- 
ous purpose, who in the fear of God will labor to pro- 
mote the true welfare of their fellow-beings. Hon- 
ored and treasured in the grateful love of every heart 
be a life spent for the good of other. Its presence is 
a benediction, and its influence abides when its pres- 
ence is withdrawn. 

A gloom hangs over the village in the warm sum- 
mer's day. The sky is clear, and the air is healthful ; 
yet ever}' aspect of nature is sad, and the scene around 
us impresses us like a funereal monument. And such 
it is. Oiu' hearts cast their own shadows upon the 
landscape. We have come to lay the remains of him 
whom we loved in the grave. He died far away from 
us and from the spots that were dear to him ; but we 
could not leave his dust in that distant land. The 
hope, tenderly expressed in the first anguish of be- 
reavement, is realized: 



" That noble form, so proud, so calmly bold," 
Shall " make its last, sad resting-place amid 
The scenes he long had loved and cherished, 
Within the vine-clad State, o'er which he ycoh 
A Ruler." 



II' 
31 

Here will we lay his mortal frame, in the grave which 
he Avould have chosen, in front of the temple which 
he built to the glory of God, and in the midst of the 
proofs of what he had done for man. The associa- 
tions of this hour shall henceforth invest the spot. 
Business and travel shall own its sanctity, and time 
shall guard it with watchful reverence. 



w mw ii ' iiw i— aa i ug igt' 



EXTIUCT. 



FROM AN ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE 



STATE AGRICULTUEAL FAIR, 



Burlington, October lltli, 1853. 

Samuel W. Thayer, M.D. 

Dear Sir : — 

Yoiu' letter, containing a request to furnish for publication, tliat portion 
of my address, before the State Agricultural Society, in which allusion 
was made to the late Hon. Charles Paine, has been received. Circum- 
stances beyond my control have prevented my complying with it until 
now. Agreeable to your wishes, a few paragraphs have been added, the 
connection of which with those of the address is distinctly marked. 

Truly, Yours, &c. 

JOHN WHEELER, 



EXTRACT. 

Mr. President : 

It cannot but have occurred to you, and to most of 
the vast multitude before me, as we were borne here, 
almost on the wings of the wind, that he, by whom 
this has been accomplished, would not be with us. 
Some days since, a few of us, in a neighboring village, 
laid his remains in the grave, and having said " dust 
to dust, ashes to ashes," we left his body to pay back 
the common debt, which we all owe to nature. She 

3 

^ . . ■ ■ a. 



34 



has nourished our bodies, 
laboratory. 



We give them back to her 



This day would have gladdened his heart. He 
looked forward to it with delight. He would have 
added every way to its interest, and its complete- 
ness. 



Although, it is said, all men are but various contri- 
butions to realize the idea of Man ; as all christians 
are but fragmentary parts of the glorious idea of a 
perfect one in Christ ; still this man was possessed of 
a form, which kings might env}", and which sculptors 
might copy ; an agility, which athletes might emu- 
late, an eye before whose fiery glance warriors might 
quail, but in whose sunny and gleesome light, an in- 
fant might smile. To these there was added an ener- 
gy of purpose, and a power of Avill, such as would 
give strength to the weakest ; a compass of mental 
vision, and a simplicity and integrity of aim, Avhich 
Avould give wisdom to a statesman, a frank, open, 
o'enerous manner, that however he mi<jrht fail to be a 
perfect man, he combined more to represent Vermont, 
than perhaps the best of us. 

To-day he could have exhibited perhaps the best of 
Vermont animals — of the stable, of the pasture, and of 
Inmibler 2>laces, and also the ])est products of our 
mountain streams. He could have told you Mr. Pres- 
ident of irrigation, for which you have offered a prize; 
of the way, and the success of it ; of fiields burdened 
])y crops ; of barns overflowing with bounteous pro- 
ducts. And when in imagination, we had wandered 



35 



over the hills of Williamstowu and the vallies of 
Northfield, and seen not merely the fields and their 
productvS, but learned the predetermined purpose of 
the cultivator and his typical success, he could have 
taken us to a mountain top, and pointed out to us, as 
his work, a cord threading its way through vallies, over 
rivers, up mountain streams, through gorges, and anon 
shooting out upon the lake. 

He could have said the state is now Ijound togeth- 
er. Mountains, which separate people o^nd convert 
common friends to bitter enemies, have vanished. 
Henceforth we are one people. Now Vermont may 
plant one foot on the Atlantic shore, and gather of 
the commerce of the great East ; and the other at the 
falls of St. Anthony or St. Mary, and gather fron\ the 
rising empires of the greater West. But for him^ how 
few of us would have been here to-day. But for him, 
how few products. Mr. President, would you have to 
exhibit to-dav ! 



This rapid means of intercommunication 1 None 
of us have yet fully realized its effect in increasing 
our productive wealth, in extending our practical 
knowledge, in awakening and keeping alive our affec- 
tions ])y the exercise of a constant fellowship, and 
tlius keeping bright the golden chain of fraternal, 
and of patriotic intercourse. Blessings on the memory 
of him, by Avhom this has l)een made not merely pos- 
sible, but real to us all ! We can do better by imita- 
tating his untiring activity in the public service-; we 
can all [frotv better, ])y cherishing his conspionous 
virtues. 



ADDITIONAL REMARKS. 



Circumstances of the same miperative character, as 
those above alluded to, prevent my adding any thing 
more, than such crude thoughts, as arise in m}^ own 
mind. There is no time for the sifting examination 
of facts and principles, which ought to form both the 
warp and the woof of a valuable biographical sketch. 
Nor perhaps has the time yet arrived, when true and 
ample justice can be done to such a man as Gov. 
Paine. The feelings, excited and abraded by active 
strife in the practical detail of labors, wdiich touch up- 
on the personal and individual interests of a numer- 
ous community, do not permit a candid and discrimi- 
nating judgment to be formed, by the many who may 
have suffered, or the many who have differed in opin- 
ion, or the many who have looked on for the purpose 
of criticism, and w^ith something of the feeling, which 
that commonly engenders. Posterity may be more 
just than we are, either in giving, or withholding 
praise, and, in regard to such matters, I shall not at- 
tempt to antedate its decisions. 



Gov. Paine was slightly known to me, in early life, 
as an active, genial, vigorous youth, with greater in- 
clination for enterprising adventure than for study. 
He afterw^ard bore that character in his College course, 
and through subsequent life. He was a boon and genial 
companion, but he possessed uncommon power of self- 
control. When others seized the cup of pleasure, and 
sunk under the power of the draught, he but touch- 
ed his lips, and resolutely and successfully refused to 
yield to its temptations. Considering the position of 



i 



37 

his family, the habits of college, and of generous so- 
ciety, at the period of his youth and early manhood, 
no one can be other than surprised at the self-control, 
the integrity of purpose, and the freedom from vicious 
indulgence which characterized him. No company 
kept him from an engagement, no present gratifica- 
tion was allowed to trespass for a moment, on a pub- 
lic, or a private duty. 

On his return from College, as I have heard say, he 
showed no inclination for professional study, but ask- 
ed to enter upon the employments of practical life, 
both to lessen the labors of his f ither, and to advance 
his interests. This he was allowed to do, without 
much thought that he would do otherwise than soon 
grow weary of it, and call for a different mode of em- 
plopnent. "I Avas greatly surprised" his father said, 
"at the readiness Avith Avhich he took hold of labor, 
the energy Avitli which he followed it, and the capacity 
and completeness Avith Avhich he finished it. I found 
he coidd do as much and as Avell, as I could in my 
best days." Those of us, who live in Vermont, knoAV 
that such a parent could scarcely give higher praise. 

In connection Avith his father, and then Avith some 
others, he Avas among the first, Avho introduced the 
successful manufacture of Avoolen cloths on a large 
scale, in this state. His Avliole attention and mind Avas 
given to this for seA^eral years. He studied machine- 
ry, and introduced various valuable improvements in 
the Avorking of it, under his own eye. Although sel- 
dom inclined to original invention, and perhaps could 
not, in that respect be called an iuA^entive genius, he 



38 

saw, often at a Lclance, the necessity and the method 
of simplifymg what was hefore him. In this way, val- 
uable suggestions were constantly dropping from his 
lips. Herein he manifested that straightforward sim- 
plicity of purpose and aim, which was a personal char- 
act eristic of the man, and which is the principle ele- 
ment of greatness alike in public, and in private life. 
This employment led him, at an early day, to examine 
the relation of the goyernment of the nation, to the 
]irogress of manufacture, and to the increase of pay 
for labor. He became an earnest advocate for the pro- 
tective policy, and, as his father had adopted the same 
A'iews, their opinions aided much in producing that 
unity of opinion, on that subject, which has so long 
characterized this State. 

He was two years Governor of the State. During 
that period, there were no questions of great moment 
agitated, or called into notice. His administration was 
marked by no extraordinary events, but there was a 
vigorous and constant watchfulness, which gave confi- 
dence to all, tliat nothing: would be left undone. A 
new system of keeping the accounts of the treasury, 
and a more stringent method of accounting for the 
pul)lic money was introduced in certain quarters, Avhich 
gave accuracy and power to the public administration. 
He also gave much and diligent attention to the su1)- 
ject of a system of education for the state. No at- 
tempt had been, at that time, made to organize a Board 
of supervision of common schools. He examined the 
subject carefuU}-, and wished to bind the existing parts 
of the system into a harmonious whole. He Avished, if 
possible, to infuse the culture of the highest institu- 



39 

tions, into the lower and more dependent. He "would 
have made the College, the Academy and the Com- 
mon schools part and parcel of one system, and con- 
nected them together by mutual relation, and thus 
given harmony and unity to the present disjointed 
scheme. He Avould have had the higher, the more 
accurate, and the more comprehensive knowledge of 
the college represented in the academy ; that of the 
academy in the central school of the larger towns, and 
that of the central in the small primary schools, in 
the surrounding districts. In this wav, he believed 
that the whole of the best culture of the state would 
be made most available for the benefit of each and 
every part of it. He Avas sad at finding that the ri- 
valry of existing institutions, on the one hand, and 
apathy, and indifterence, and ignorance on the other 
rendered it impossible to accomplish any thing. Al- 
ter attending one or two conventions for the purpose 
of devising, and if possible of perfecting a system for 
legislative action he thought nothing, but the attempt 
to diffuse information, could then be done. He judg- 
ed correctly as subsequent events have shown; Much 
more, however, was accomplished by statistical inqui- 
ry, and by examination of the best system of public 
education, than the public have been aware of The 
interest he took in the subject of education was deep, 
strong and effective. He Avas many years one of the 
most efficient members of the Corporation of the 
University of Vermont. He was always present, and re- 
mained to complete the business of the session. While 
connected with it, he was certainly one of the wisest, 
one of the most disinterested, and one of the most 
sagacious of its guardians. He generously subscribed 



40 

the sum of ten thousand dollars to complete a large 
subscription for the universit}'^, if it should be necessa- 
ry; and I knew it to have been his intention, in cer- 
tain contingencies, to have connected his name per- 
manently with that institution, as the founder of one 
or more of its professorships. " Vermont has nour- 
ished me in her bosom, he used to say, and I owe to 
her character and her institutions much, very much 
of what I am, and what I can be, and it is but due to 
such relations, that I should help to sustain her high- 
est institution of learning," 

It so happened, that soon after the organization of 
the Board of Directors of the A^ermont Central Rail- 
road when Gov. Paine was President, I was quite un- 
expectedly often placed in his society, and was early 
made acquainted with his purposes, and occasionally 
with his plans. The public relations he had sustained 
to the state, and the deep interest he took in its pros- 
perity, and the strong wish he had to remove the ob- 
stacles, which its inland character presented to the in- 
crease of its exchangeal^le wealth, seemed to him to 
form a call of duty, which he was not at liberty to re- 
fuse. He accepted of the position, which was urged 
upon him. The disinterestedness with which this 
was done, the patriotic feeling for Vermont in which 
it was grounded, the belief that the population of the 
state would be increased, and rendered more permor 
nent; that the institutions. of learning would be more 
widely useful, and that the influence and example of 
the state woidd be more appreciated and felt, and thus 
that the best interests of the community would be sub- 
served, these, as the moving ideas and active thoughts 



41 

of the man, certainly should command the regard, and 
the unfeigned respect of every worthy citizen. He 
soon met with miexpected rebuffs and dilficulties, and 
I personally know that he onty overcame them by 
such, and such-like considerations. 

Many, very many, of his original wishes and plans 
were thwarted by means and in ways, which he could 
not personally control. And, in some things, doubt- 
less the ardor of his feelings, and the quick and firm 
determination of his will placed matters in an immove- 
able position, which time and patience might have 
otherwise accommodated. His opinion of the loca- 
tion of the central portion of the road, was unequiv- 
ocally sustained by the best corps of engineers, which 
New England could then furnish. The decision is 
now a matter of historic record, on which they have 
staked their character, as professional men. 

His wish, his expectations, and his plans for the 
central point of communication, and of labor for the 
road were arranged in his mind for another place, than 
that where they were located, under circumstances 
personally disagreeable to himself It was his origi- 
nal purpose to have given to the capital of the State, 
and its immediate vicinity, all the advantages which 
it was possible for the head and central working of 
' the road to give. Whatever causes may have pre- 
vented this, and changed the arrangements, they were 
of a character not so much to impugn Gov. Paine's 
disinterestedness, as to show his forecast respecting 
the necessary demands, which the business of the road 
would make for space and accommodation. I have 



already alluded to the conflicting opinions, Avhich have 
existed, and Avhicli still exist, as to many of the de- 
tails of that great work, in many of Avhich his longest 
and most valuable friends differed from him, but which 
it does not at all comport with my purpose to inquire 
into. These should not, however, draw us away from 
looking to him as the moving power in the great Avork, 
nor from a due appreciation of his surprising forecast, 
of his inflexible determination and of his unceasing ac- 
tivity, in accomplishing it. 

Circumstances do not chano-e the real, substantial 
character of men, but they often present the charac- 
ter in a single aspect, and give to that a prominence 
which mars the harmony, which trul}' belongs to it. 
It is only known to the public perhaps, by what they 
happened to see, at a given time, or during a single 
l)iisiness, and it is judged of accordingl}'. The under- 
laying principles, or the interior aftections, and moral 
feelings are quite hidden from the view. Few would 
have thought Gov. Paine, remarkable, as he certainly 
was, for parental reverence ; — that it was perhaps the 
strongest affection of his heart, and the one, which ex- 
ercised more controling influence in the formation of 
most of his habits, than any other. One, who had been 
acquainted with his flither, could see, in a moment 
how this and that trait had been called forth and 
strengthened, and filled with might, l^y filial reverence 
sustained l)y frequent rememljrance and meditation 
upon the lioman virtues of that just Judge. Indeed 
A^ermont herself is far more indebted, than the present 
^^[cneration are aware of, for the integrity, the energy, 
the open honesty, and the general truthfulness of the 



43 

business habits of her people, to the long continued 
and eminent example of that man, and such as he, 
primus inter pares in these particulars, than perhaps 
to any other external cause. 

The Gov. was passionately attached to the memory, 
and he strove to imitate the habits, and to exhibit the 
character of his father. His domestic affections, being 
shut out from ordinary family relations, clustered 
about his parents, and he delighted to dwell upon the 
truth loving integrity of the one, and the rich, genial, 
humerous, and spicy character of the other. Although 
formed for the stern vigor of battling enterprize, he 
loved domestic quiet ; he rejoiced in the amenities, 
the tender charities, and in the genial sympathies of 
the household hearth ; and never did the blood flush 
his face quicker, or his words become stronger, than 
when respect, and rightful regard, and faithful pro- 
tection was not awarded to the wife, and mistress of 
a house. 

He attached little importance to forms, and modes, 
and professions of any kind. " What will you do ?" 
" what will you be ?" Avere his questions ; not what 
will you promise or profess. This connection of being 
and doing in his mind nuide him averse to religious 
professions, and at the same time tolerant of a pro- 
foimd and thoughtftd religious life, even of the sterner 
kind. But then it must be a true life, sustaining it- 
self, not by its forms, but by its deep and thoughtful 
meditation, or it did not gain his respect. Although 
a different opinion has existed, in some places, still it 
was true, that he respected and loved no religious 



44 

teaching, but that which was direct, searching to the 
heart, and demanding unequivocally a life of faith in 
the Kedeemer. 

He was cut down in the midst of his projected 
schemes of usefulness. They were always extending 
and enlarging. Still his ideal life was remarkably com- 
bined with the plans and purposes of physical activity. 
No imaginary prospect was too comprehensive for his 
mental grasp, no physical obstacles could restrain his 
ardent determmation to accomplish what to him appear- 
ed practicable. He threw himself into the work with a 
disinterested earnestness, and an absolute integrity, 
that gave promise of success, where many would fail; 
of final success even amid present failures, and dis- 
couragement. Such men are needed for the progress 
of a state. Such are needed to open to the public 
mind a true view of its interests, and to prepare the 
way for carrying them on to a successful issue, and 
when they are removed from us, lights and leaders 
are taken away. 



NM«* 



REMARKS 



BY 



HON. HEMAN CAHPENTEPv, 

At a meeting of the citizens of Nortlifield, upon receiving intelligence of 
the death of Ex. Gov. Paine. 



Fellow Citizens : 

We have assembled on this solemn and mournful 
occasion, to express our emotions and mingle our sor- 
rows, on account of the sad intelligence received of 
the death of our fellow citizen, Ex. Gov. Paine, who 
died at Waco, Texas, on the sixth ultimo. Since the 
first intelligence was received of the illness of our 
deceased friend, fearful anxiety has been depicted up- 
on every countenance. But yesterday, the news of 
his convalescence reached us, and hopes were enter- 
tained of his recover}^, and again minglmg in soci- 
ety ', to-day all is gloom and disappointment. 

Death ! the grim messenger, has come near unto 
us and removed him towards whom we have enter- 
tained the highest respect, and to whom we are in- 
debted, under Providence, for the growth and prosper- 
ity of all around us. Under his fostering care and 
guidance, our town has grown up to an eminence 
which few in the state excel. 

The loss of such a man is an iiTeparable one to us, 
to the state, and, I may say, to the whole countr}'. 



48 



ii 



Pardon me, my friends, if I briefly refer you to 
some of the prominent acts in the life of Gov. Paine, 
which bespeak for him more praise than can any lan- 
guage to which I can give utterance. 

After graduating at Harvard University, he came 
to Northfield to take charge of his father's factory. 
He became a manuflicturer from necessity, and con- 
tinued the business mitil the burning of his ftictoryin 
March, 1848, a period of almost twenty -five years. 
This business gave an impetus to the growth and pros- 
perity of our town, for which we cannot be too thank- 
ful. 

By his influence and energy, the charter of the 
Vermont Central Railroad was obtained, and to him 
arc we indebted for the accomplishment of this stu- 
pendous work. There is Ms momiment ! and when we 
are dead and forgotten, then fresh in the memory of 
the future will be his name, and as long as the iron 
horse shall traverse our State, w^ill his name be re- 
membered and cherished b}^ the honest and hardy 
sons of the Green Mountain State. He gave an 
impetus to the construction of other rail roads. 

The Vermont and Canada Railroad, the Champlain 
and St. Lawrence Rail road, and the Ogdensburgh 
Rail road, are largel}' indebted to Gov. Paine for their 
construction. By the l3uilding of these roads a 
thoroughfare has been opened between the great 
commercial city of New England and the far west, 
and the metropolis of the Canadas. There is one inci- 



49 

commercial city of New England and the far west, and 
the metropolis of the Canadas. There is one inci- 
dent in the history of the latter road, which may not 
be generally known to this community, yet as it illus- 
trates one of the prominent traits in Gov. Paine's 
character, I cannot forbear to mention it here. 

By a condition in the charter of that road, unless 
a certain amount of stock was subscribed by a given 
day it became forfeited. The friends of that enter- 
prise, with all their efforts, up to the last point of 
time, had failed of securing the requisite amount of 
stock, hj one hundred thovsand dollars. Gov. Paine put 
his name to the stock subscription, and subscribed the 
requisite amount to save the charter, and which ulti- 
mately secured the construction of the road. A 
greater portion of this stock was subsequently prov- 
ided for by the company; but for his subscription, the 
charter would have became forfeited and the building 
of the road would have been lost. It was a bold 
stroke, and a hazardous experiment, but he knew no 
fear. 

In all his relations in life, he never shrunk from 
responsibility, nor shunned the closest scrutiny. He 
was a man fruitful in expedients. When denied a 
charter for the construction of a bridge at Rouses 
Point, by the Legislature of Vermont, he and his 
friend Campbell devised the plan for the construction 
of a boat at that point, which ansAvers all the pur- 
pose ^ of a bridge. 

Gov. Paine's last Railroad project, was the explora- 



50 

tion of a Soiitliern route for the great Pacific Rail- 
road. A mighty project ! but he had mind, and judg- 
ment adequate to the undertaking. It was while ex- 
ploring the country in Texas for this route that he 
contracted the disease common to the climate ; and his 
feeble constitution, weakened and reduced by gi-eat 
efforts here among us, was not sufficient to with- 
stand it. 

He was an ardent friend of education. He con- 
tributed liberally towards endowing the University of 
Vermont, and we are indeljted to his liberal contribu- 
tions for the erection of the Northfield Academy buil- 
ding; and the success of our flourishing^ school. 

He gave full evidence, while living, of his regard 
for religion and the preaching of the Gospel. In 1836 
he built this church and has given the use of it since 
for the sustaining of preaching in this village. The 
beautiful yard in front is an ornament to our vil- 
lagre, and excites the admiration of strang-ers. It was 
decorated with the choicest flowers by his o^\ii hands, 
and is to become his final resting place. He was 
no sectarian, 3^et many a poor servant of our Lord and 
Master has been made glad with the good things of 
this life, from his benevolent hands. 

Fellow citizens, there are tAvo prominent features in 
the character of our deceased friend, the mention of 
Avhich well befits this occasion. I allude to his punctu- 
ality and his scrupulous regard for truth and justice, 
his business relations every thing was reduced to a 
perfect system. Punctual to meet all his engagements, 



51 

at all times, and under all circumstances, whatever he 
promised was sure to be performed. Cautious and 
confiding, he never censured rashly nor betraj^ed his 
trust. Strongly attached to his friends ; towards those 
who opposed him, he was fearless, bold and uncom- 
promising. One secret of his great success, and of the 
unbounded confidence he had attained, lies, in his high 
sense of honor, and his scrupulous regard for jmike 
and truth. He was an impregnable rock, to his assail- 
ants, and a strong tower to his friends. 

To us, fellow citizens, his loss is irreparable. No 
man among us can fill his place. No one can do for 
the community in which he lived, so much for its 
prosperity and happiness. He lived to do good, andl 
to benefit mankind. 

The State of Vermont may well be proud of such 
a man. He has left upon her soil unmistakeable evi- 
dence of his greatness and usefulness. The numbers 
here assembled on so short a notice, the deep grief de- ,; 
picted upon every countenance, bespeak no ordinary 
occurrence. Our common friend and benefactor is re- 
moved from amonjx us. 



'» 



To me, this dispensation of Providerrco is over- 
whelming. Language fails to express the deep emo- 
tions that thrill through every nerve. He was my 
friend when I needed a friend. For seventeen years I 
enjoyed his intimate and uninterrupted acquaintance 
and confidence. I see him now, as I last saw him, 
when a few friends took him by the hand, and bade 
him good bye, with tears in their eyes, as he left the 



52 



station here in the cars for his journey south. The 
words of one of those friends, as the train left, have 
made an impression upon my mind that time will nev- 
er efface. " That car carries more men from Northfield 
than it will ever bring back," was the fearful behef of 
us all when he left, and sadly true it has proved in- 
deed. It carried the hving man, it can only bring 
back his earthly remains. It carried him in whom 
human nature can stand up before all the world and 
say, '■^He was a man r 



REMARKS 



HON. E. P. WALTON, JR., 

At a meeting of the citizens of Nortbfield, upon receiving intelligence of 
the death of Ex. Gov. Paine. 



Yesterday, shortly after receiving the intelligence 
which has fallen with crushing -weight upon you all, 
I learned that the friends and neighbors of the late 
Gov. Paine would meet to-day to express, in an hum- 
ble manner, the respect for his memory and the sor- 
row for his loss, which they are debarred, by his death 
in a far distant state, from expressing in the accustom- 
ed mode ; and it was kindly added, that as a personal 
friend for many years of 3'our friend, it would be pro- 
per for me to join with you. I cannot doubt that the 
claims of friendship, no less than the injunction of 
holy writ, enjoin me on this occasion, to " weep with 
those that weep ;" nor that the confidence which has 
often been reposed in me by Gov. Paine, in matters 
of the highest importance to himself, to the great en- 
terprize in which he has been long and ardently en- 
gaged, and to the public, requires of me a tribute to 
his memory. 

I need not speak to you of your loss or your sor- 
row — for you feel that there is no loss like your loss, 
and no sorrow like your sorrow. 



fMK- immifimsmMita , 



54 



I need not speak to you of the personal character 
of Gov. Paine — of his integrity, and his strict regard 
for what he conceived to he just and honorable and 
fit, in all his relations, public and private ; nor of his 
reputation as a man of business — prompt, energetic, 
enterprizing in the highest degree, and never Appalled 
by any accidents however untoAvard, or any difficul- 
ties however formidable ; nor of his relations to you 
as a townsman — as pre-eminently, the source of 3'our 
prosperity, the leader in every object for 3^our advance- 
ment, and the most ready and bountiful contributor 
to all your social, educational and religious institu- 
tions. He was Ijorn in your immediate neighborhood ; 
he has spent his life among you ; and though it has 
added a keener pang to your grief that death has 
stricken him down, far away from kindred and friends 
and neio;hbors--with no accustomed hand to smooth 
his dying l)ed— no accustomed voice to soothe his dy- 
inof hours — no familiar friend to receive his last re- 
quests, and no familiar faces to meet the final beam- 
ing of the eye, and he to him " the last of earth," — it 
is yet a consolation to remember, that here is a multi- 
tude of friends Avho Avill ever do justice to his charac- 
ter, cherish his reputation, and remember with grat- 
itude the services and sacrifices of an active, useful 
and eventful life. 



I need not speak to you of his character as a pulj- 
lic man — as Chief Magistrate for the brief term which 
the late custom of our republican State has required, 
or as a participant, out of official stations, in public 
affairs ; for that character is known to the people, and 



mm 



55 

his reputation has long been established as one among 
our most prominent and promising public men ; a 
reputation seldom achieved, as he achieved it, at an 
early age, and without aspiring to the graces of orato- 
ry on the one hand, or on the other resorting to the 
artifices of the demagogue. I will only say on this 
point, what my familiar acquaintance with his politic- 
al character and course requires me to say, that as a 
politician he was remarkably patriotic, pure, high- 
minded and honoraljle — that his policy ever embrac- 
ed, as cardinal pomts, the reputation of the State, the 
prosperity of all its institutions, and the welfare of 
the people — and that he delighted to honor sound 
principles, true wisdom, and personal integrity, where- I 
ever he found them — whether in his party or out of 
it — whether among the old or the 3'oung — and unhes- 
itatingly availed himself of k\\ the advantages which 
a free and liljcral intercourse with men of such char- 
acteristics could give him. The 3'oungest man I think 
in the Gubernatorial office in the State, I am sure 
there was never any man who more highly esteemed 
the cluims of age and wisdom, and experience, or was 
more ready to distinguish and encourage whoever 
among the young gave hopeful ^jromise of an honor- 
able and successful public career. 

What, then, shall I say to j^ou, who have known 
him ; to you ^vho have been the witnesses of his life ; 
to you who have esteemed him beyond all other men ; 
to you who feel that you have lost more than a father 
or a friend — lost both — lost all ? I can only say, it is fit 
now for you to weep. Grief is the necessary burden 
of tins day and of many days to you; but when the 



m 
i 56 I 

fountain of your tears shall fail — ^wlien you shall 
become weary and worn because of your great grief, 
then it will be fit for you to rejoice, that one has lived 
so briefly, yet so well, and so honorably, so unremit- 
tingly, and so successfully labored in important servi- 
ces for his neighborhood, his State and his country — 
that you feel his death an irreparable loss and a pub- 
lic calamity. Weep now. It is good to weep. 

My connection, in an official capacity, with Gov. 
Paine, and my relations to him personally, from the 
commencement of the great public work on which he 
had staked his highest hopes, and to which I now feel 
he sacrificed his life, I am aware will seem to justify 
you in expecting that something will be said to-day 
on that topic. The occasion is eminently a proper 
one to do justice to his services and character in that 
respect, and you well know that I would gladly con- 
tribute my mite towards this ; but I too well under- 
stand that no just verdict of public opinion can now 
be taken. Eminently successful as that work has al- 
ready been, in the point which I hesitate not to say 
was altogether the chief one in the estimation of Gov. 
Paine — ^I mean in facilitating intercourse, and thus 
developing the resources and adding to the Avealth 
and power, and influence of the people throughout 
the vast territory which feels the influence of all the 
railroads that have grown out of the establishment 
of the Vermont Central, and which were embraced 
in the calculations of its founders — I say, although in 
this respect the work has been eminently successful, 
and is worth the immense sum it has cost, it is never- 
theless true, that in another and less important parti- 



57 

cular, the work is regarded as being eminently disas- 
trous, and the responsibility naturally is, and must be 
for a time, cast upon him who was the acknowledged 
chief of the undertaking. How far that responsibi- 
lity justly attaches to him, is a question which re- 
mains to be decided ; and however favorable my opin- 
ion may be to his future fame, and however confident 
my expectations, I know that an expression of the 
opinions and expectations of any friend of Gov. Paine, 
in advance of a full and true history of his admmis- 
tration, would avail nothing in the settlement of that 
question. I can say but little, therefore, upon this 
subject, and that must be limited to a simple testimo- 
nial to his character and purposes, which, from inti- 
mate connection and free intercourse with him from 
the beginning, I feel to be entirely just and fully due 
to him on this occasion. 

His ambition in that great undertaking was of a 
character which the world justly esteems to be noble ; 
he auned to win for himself an honorable public 
name by rendering a great public service. However 
much of direct personal advantage he naturally and 
and properly may have expected from it, I am sure 
that his chief purpose was to win an honorable name. 
In the brightest days he looked joyfully to this re- 
ward; and in the darkest, when every other hope seemed 
to fail, this remained to solace him. It was on one of 
these darkest days, and at a time when courage, hope 
and health were all fiiling, that he said to me in his 
familiar mode of conveivation ; " Well, Walton, what- 
ever may become of the corporation, thc}^ cannot rob 
us of the road ! It is done — it will be run. — and the 



h. 



m 
58 

people will at any rate reap the blessings which we 
designed. Oh ! if it were not for that, I really be- 
lieve I should die." 

This honorable ambition absorbed him, and he look- 
ed to the result as certain, l)ecause he never had a 
douljt that the developed resources of the state, and 
the opening of the avenues of communication through 
the whole of the Northern section of the Union, would 
render the enterprize in every sense successful. So 
no sacrifice seemed to him too large, no cost too great, 
I no haste too urgent, if so be it appeared essential ei- 
ther to a speedy completion of the undertaking, or to 
secure for it important advantages, present or ultimate 
within his reach, I say ultimate advantages, for Gov. 
Paine was a man of large views, and his eye was 
oftener cast far ahead upon some great eminence, 
through toils' and perils to be achieved, than upon the 
quiet landscape at his feet. He was more apt to dis- 
cern great things, and design great works, than to 
mark out the thousand little details, which all, however 
humble each in itself ma}^ be, are essential to the per- 
fection and beauty of the whole structure. Of the ul- 
timate success of this enterprise he had no doubt ; and 
Avhen present difficulties and pressing demands seemed 
appalling to those who had not estimated future re- 
sults, he flattered himself that the end would in the 
judgmentof all, be for him a perfect justification. As- 
sociates, some of them, equally sanguine with himself^ 
and influenced perhaps, by his high hopes, were not 
the best advisers for him under these circumstances ; 
and doubtless from this source, as from other sources 
for which Gov. Paine was far less responsible, if respon- 



sib'l'e at all, grew errors of judgment. Himself placing 
the highest estimate upon the enterprise as a public 
work, deserving the support of the public ; himself 
confident of his success — so confident that he more 
than once staked his fortune upon it, by his personal 
obligations and by using for it all his a^'ailable means, 
he perhaps too strongly trusted that there were enough 
of other men, with equally enlarged views and larger 
means, who would Ijc as confident and as liberal as 
himself. Himself a man of integrity he too much con- 
fided in the integrity of others. There was too, the 
rivalry of competing lines, and the dif]ftculty of com- 
flicting interests, both local and at large — all tending 
to exasj)erate the feelings and bias the judgment of 
those concerned ; and to all this must be subjoined 
the great fact that the finances of the Company a\ ere 
administered in Boston by various heads, while the 
work of construction only was submitted to the im- 
mediate inspection of the President. It is not won- 
derful then, if G ov. Paine committed errors ; he ^^ould 
have been more than mortal if he had not. It is not 
wonderful if he is for the present held responsible for 
flir more than are justly chargealde to him. Time 
will bring a just verdict. But this testimony I freely 
bear on this solemn occasion, and I feel that you, at 
least, the townsmen of Gov. Paine, will not doubt my 
sincerity : in all his course I know of no stain upon 
his honor ; and in all his course I know of no act which 
I have reason to suppose was intentionally wrong ; in 
all his course, I know of no instance in Avliich I have 
reason to doubt that he was persuaded that his action 
was entirely consistent with the great interests com- 
mitted to liis trust, and with his own iDcrsonal reputa- 

II » 



60 



tion ; and as the result of his unwearied efforts in this 
enterprise, I trust the day will come, for which he 
longed, but which in the Providence of God he can 
never see — when his name will be honorably record- 
ed in the history of his state and country, as a public 
man above reproach, and a great public benefactor. 



— ^— — — i— — — i^— ^ 
61 



VERMONT CENTRAL RAILROAD CO. ^ 

In Director's Meeting Aug. 25th, 1853. | 

" Resolved, That this Board has with deep sorrow received intel- 
ligence of the death of the Hon. Charles Paine, late President of this 
Company, and in consideration of his indefatigable and important seniees 
in originating and sustaining the corporation, and of his honorable char- 
acter as its chief officer, we deem the event, a suitable one for the official 
action of the Boai-d. 

" Resolved, That in token of our individual respect and regard, 
and the high estimation in which we hold the character and memory of the 
deceased, we will in a body attend his funeral obsecjuies. 

" Resolved, That the President be empowered and requested to 
furnish free passes to the relatives, and friends of the deceased, for the pur 
'pose of attending his funeral at Northfield on the 1st instant. 
A true Copy from the Record, 

E. P. WALTON, Jr., Clerk. 



>« 



G2 



\ 



The " Committee of Arrangment" acknowledge the receipt of letters 
trom tlic following gentlemen, tendering their sympathies to the relatives 
and fiiends of Hon. Charles Paine, and regretting imperative that duties- 
mxist occasion their non attendance at his funeral obsequies. 

His Excellexcy ERASTUS FAIRBANKS, 

R. BRUCE, Esq., Secretary, to the Gov. General of Canada. 

PLINY II. WHITE, Esq., 

HUGH H. HENRY, Esq., 

JAMES M. FERRIES, Esq., 

JOHN L. BUCK, Esq., 

JAMES BARRETT, Esq., 

Ex-Gov. H. HUBBARD. 

Samuel W. Thayer, Jr., "] 

John Gregory, 

Moses Rorinson, \ ^ 

TT n /- CommiUee. 

Heman Carpenter, | 

Perley Belknap, I 

Elijah Smith, J . 



COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 

SAMUEL W. THAYER, Jr., 
JOHN GREGORY, 
MOSES ROBINSON. 
IIEMAN CARPENTER, 
PERLEY BELKNAP, 
ELIJAH SMITH, 

NoRTHFiELD, Dec. 16, 1353, 



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